The Dispute over the Doctrine of Indirect Power
Hobbes vs. Bellarmine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69498/ri.2025.22.569Keywords:
Hobbes, Indirect powers, Sovereignty, BellarmineAbstract
The writings of Thomas Hobbes were part of a field of intense philosophical and political discussion during the 17th century. Among these disputes, the one in the longest chapter of Leviathan on the doctrine of indirect power, defended and stylized principally by the brilliant theologian Robert Bellarmine, who died a few decades before the publication of this seminal work, stands out. This doctrine takes up and modulates the medieval papal claim to influence the policies of Christian kingdoms. And while the Roman Catholic Church no longer posed such a direct threat to the realm of England at the time Hobbes wrote and published his critique of this doctrine, I believe that this discussion warns of the continuing presence of indirect powers that threaten state sovereignty. In this paper, I focus on this dispute, critically analyzing the arguments of both opponents in order to, first, assess the scope and limitations of state sovereignty and, second, point out the presence of new indirect powers today.
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